Listed by approximate publication date or author’s general period of activity.
- The Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2100 BC)
- The Code of Hammurabi (c. 18th century BC)
- The Enuma Elish (c. 17th century BC)
- The Egyptian Book of the Dead (c. 1550 BC)
- The Gathas by Zarathustra (c. 1500 BC – 1000 BC)
- Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible (c. 8th century BC – 1st century BC)
- The Torah
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
- Nevi’im (Prophets), Former Prophets
- Joshua
- Judges
- 1 & 2 Samuel
- 1 & 2 Kings
- Nevi’im (Prophets), Latter Prophets
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Ezekiel
- Nevi’im (Prophets), Minor Prophets
- Hosea
- Joel
- Amos
- Obadiah
- Jonah
- Micah
- Nahum
- Habakkuk
- Zephaniah
- Haggai
- Zechariah
- Malachi
- Ketuvim (Writings)
- Psalms
- Proverbs
- Job
- Song of Songs
- Ruth
- Lamentations
- Ecclesiastes
- Esther
- Daniel
- Ezra
- Nehemiah
- 1 & 2 Chronicles
- Biblical Apocrypha
- 1 & 2 Esdras
- Tobit
- Judith
- Rest of Esther
- Wisdom
- Ecclesiasticus/Sirach
- Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremy
- Song of the Three Children
- Story of Susanna
- The Idol Bel and the Dragon
- Prayer of Manasseh
- 1 & 2 Maccabees
- Homer (c. 750 BC)
- Iliad
- Odyssey
- On the Homeric Question
- Thoughts on Odysseus and Achilles
- Notes on the Telemachia, Books I-IV
- On the Homeric Gods
- Nature and Order in Homer
- The Iliad and the Odyssey: Two Proems Compared
- Phemius and Demodocus: Two Bards Considered
- Notes on Odysseus’s Tale to the Phaeacians
- Books X-XI: Revisiting Odysseus’s Descent into Hades
- Hymns
- Hesiod (c. 750 BC)
- Works and Days
- Theogony
- The Vedas (c. 1500 BC – 900 BC)
- The Rig Veda
- The Upanishads (c. 600 BC – 300 AD)
- Fables by Aesop (c. 6th century BC)
- The Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu (c. 6th century BC)
- Sappho (fragments, c. 630 BC – 570 BC)
- Simonides (fragments, c. 556 BC – 468 BC)
- Pindar (fragments, c. 518 BC – 438 BC)
- Histories by Herodotus (c. 484 BC – 425 BC)
- On Herodotus
- The Purpose of the Histories: Notes on Book I
- The Empires of Croesus and Cyrus
- The Rise of Egypt: Notes on Book II
- Egypt, Persia, and the New Regime: Book III
- Darius and the New Persian Regime
- The Battle of Marathon: Book VI
- Xerxes, Thermopylae, and Salamis: Books VII – IX
- Notes on Athenian Democracy
- What Is History?
- What Was The Cause of The Persian Wars?
- An Inquiry into Herodotus’s Project
- Notes on History
- The Presocratic Fragments (fragments, c. 6th – 5th centuries BC)
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Thales
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Pythagoras
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Heraclitus
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Parmenides
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Empedocles
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaximander
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaximenes
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaxagoras
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Democritus
- Who Is Thales?
- Who Is Pythagoras?
- Who Is Heraclitus?
- Aeschylus (c. 525/524 – 456/455 BC)
- The Persians
- Seven Against Thebes
- The Suppliants
- The Oresteia (Agamemnon, The Libations Bearers, The Eumenides)
- Prometheus Bound
- Sophocles (c. 496/497 BC – 406/405 BC)
- The Theban Plays (Oedipus Tyrannus, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone)
- Ajax
- The Women of Trachis
- Electra
- Philoctetes
- Euripides (c. 480 BC – 406 BC)
- Alcetis
- Medea
- Heracleidae
- Hippolytus
- Andromache
- Hecuba
- The Suppliants
- Electra
- Heracles
- The Trojan Women
- Iphigenia in Tauris
- Ion
- Helen
- Phoenician Women
- Orestes
- Bacchae
- Iphiginaia in Aulis
- Rhesus
- Cyclops
- The Peloponnesian War by Thucydides (c. 460 BC – 400 BC)
- Thucydides on Greek Origins
- Reflections on Thucydides
- Thucydides on Pericles and the Plague
- The Peloponnesian War, Book I: Setting The Stage for War
- The Peloponnesian War, Book II: Proxy Wars and Pericles’s Funeral Oration
- The Peloponnesian War, Book III: Invasion and Revolution
- The Peloponnesian War, Book IV: Armistice and Mounting Losses
- The Peloponnesian War, Book V: Battle Recommences and Melos Is Enslaved
- The Peloponnesian War, Book VI: Sicily, Alcibiades, and the Hermae
- The Peloponnesian War, Books VII-VIII: Athens in Decline and an Abrupt Ending
- What Is A Eulogy? Ethos, Pathos, and Logos In Pericles’s Funeral Oration Speech
- The Sicilian Expedition: Alcibiades and Nicias in Thucydides’s Peloponnesian War (Books VI-VII)
- Aristophanes (c. 446 BC – 386 BC)
- The Acharnians
- The Knights
- The Clouds
- The Wasps
- The Peace
- The Birds
- Lysistrata
- Thezmorphorazuze
- The Frogs
- Ecclesiazusae
- Wealth
- Menander (fragments, c. 342/41 – 290 BC)
- Dyskolos
- The Girl From Samos
- Plato (c. 428/427 or 424/423 BC – 348/347 BC)
- Apology
- Crito
- Charmides
- Laches
- Lysis
- Euthyphro
- Ion
- Greater Hippias
- Lesser Hippias
- Gorgias
- Protagoras
- Meno
- Euthydemus
- Cratylus
- Phaedo
- Phaedrus
- Symposium
- The Republic
- Plato’s Republic, Book I (Part I): Introduction
- Plato’s Republic, Book I (Part II): Cephalus
- Plato’s Republic, Book I (Part III): Polemarchus
- Plato’s Republic, Book I (Part IV): Thrasymachus
- Plato’s Republic, Book II (Part I): Glaucon and Adeimantus
- Plato’s Republic, Book II (Part II): The City In Speech
- Plato’s Republic, Book III: The Noble Lie
- Plato’s Republic, Book IV: The Cardinal Virtues
- Plato’s Republic, Book V: Communism and the Philosopher King
- Plato’s Republic, Book VI: The Defense of the Philosophers
- Plato’s Republic, Book VII: “The Allegory of the Cave”
- Plato’s Republic, Book VIII: The Decay of the Regimes
- Plato’s Republic, Book IX: The Soul of the Tyrant
- Plato’s Republic, Book X: The Poets and the Myth of Er
- The Soul in the Phaedrus and the Republic
- The Teaching of the Republic
- Theaetetus
- Parmenides
- Sophist
- Statesman
- Philebus
- Timaeus – Critias
- Laws
- Apocryphal Platonic Dialogues
- Thirteen Epistles
- Alcibiades I, Alcibiades II
- Epinomis
- Menexenus
- Hipparchus
- Lovers
- Cleitophon
- Theages
- Minos
- Xenophon (c. 430 BC – 355/354 BC)
- Education of Cyrus
- Anabasis of Cyrus
- Hellenika
- A Brief Introduction to Xenophon’s Hellenika
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book I: The Return of Alcibiades
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book II: Lysander, The Thirty Tyrants, & The Downfall of Athens
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book III: Sparta’s Struggle for Hegemony
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book IV: Greek Rebellion Against The Spartan Hegemony
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book V: Teleutias and The King’s Peace
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book VI: Proxy Wars of Sparta, Thebes, and Athens
- Xenophon’s Hellenika Book VII: The End of Battle With Little Gained
- On The Arginousai Affair in Xenophon and Diodorus Sicilus
- Memorabilia
- Shorter Socratic Works
- Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC)
- Physics
- On the Soul
- Metaphysics
- Nicomachean Ethics
- Politics
- The Teaching of Aristotle’s Politics
- Thoughts on Aristotle’s Political Philosophy
- Further Thoughts on Aristotle’s Politics
- Aristotle’s Politics Book I: “Man Is A Political Animal”
- Aristotle’s Politics Book II: Polemics Against The “City In Speech”
- Aristotle’s Politics Book III: The Limits of the City and Citizenship
- Aristotle’s Politics Book IV: Democracy and Oligarchy
- Aristotle’s Politics Book V: Factions and Changes of Government
- Aristotle’s Politics Book VI: On The Endurance of Democracies and Oligarchies
- Aristotle’s Politics Books VII-VIII: The Best City and the Education of its Citizens
- Rhetoric
- Poetics
- Elements by Euclid (c. 300 BC)
- Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – 370 BC)
- The “Four Books” of Ancient China (c. prior to 300 BC)
- The Great Learning
- Analects
- Mencius
- The Doctrine of the Mean
- The Five Chinese Classics (c. prior to 300 BC)
- Classic of Poetry
- Book of Documents
- Book of Rites
- I Ching
- Spring and Autumn Annals
- The Dammapada (c. 3rd century BC)
- The Art of War by Sun-Tzu (c. 5th century BC)
- The Mahabarata (c. 3rd century BC – 3rd century AD)
- The Baghavad Gita (c. 1st millenia BC)
- Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes (c. 3rd century BC)
- Plautus (c. 254 BC – 184 BC)
- Conics by Apollonius of Perga (c. 240 BC – 190 BC)
- Mathematical Works of Archimedes (c. 287 BC – 212 BC)
- Ennius (c. 239 BC – c. 169 BC)
- Terence (c. 195/185 BC – 159 BC)
- Histories by Polybius (200-118 BC)
- Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC)
- Commentaries on the Gallic War
- Civil War
- Alexandrian War
- African War
- Spanish War
- Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC)
- On the Republic
- On the Laws
- On the Ends of Goods and Evils
- On Friendship
- On Duties
- Varro (116BC – 27 BC)
- De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (c. 99 BC – 55 BC)
- Virgil (70 BC – 19 BC)
- Eclogues
- Georgics
- The Aeneid
- Catallus (c. 84 BC – 54 BC)
- Statius (c. 45 AD – 96 AD)
- Geography by Strabo (c. 64/63 BC – 24 AD)
- Odes by Horace (65 BC – 8 BC)
- History of Rome by Livy (64/59 BC – AD 12/17)
- Metamorphoses by Ovid (43 BC – 17/18 AD)
- Elegies by Propertius (50/45 BC – 15 BC)
- The Library by Apollodorus (c. 1st century AD)
- Satyricon by Gaius Petronius (c. 1st century AD)
- Pliny the Elder (23/24 – 79 AD)
- Phaedra by Seneca (1st century AD)
- Juvenal’s Satires (1st century AD)
- Pliny the Younger (51-113 AD)
- Epictetus (50 – 135 AD)
- Satires by Lucian (125 – 180+ AD)
- Roman History Lucius Cassius Dio (155 – 235 AD)
- The Library of History by Diodorus Sicilus (1st century BC)
- Plutarch (46 – 119 AD)
- Parallel Lives
- Moralia
- Lives of the Twelve Caesars by Suetonius (68 – 122 AD)
- Tacitus (56 – 120 AD)
- Germania
- Annals
- Histories
- Roman History by Appian (c. 95 – 165 AD)
- Description of Greece by Pausanius (c. 110 – 180 AD)
- The Almagest by Ptolemy (c. AD 100-170)
- Introduction to Arithmetic by Nicomachus (c. 60-120 AD)
- Meditations by Marcus Aurelius (c. AD 161/180)
- The Adventures of Leucippe and Clitophon by Achilles Tatius (c. 1st century AD)
- On the Sublime by Longinus (c. 1st century AD)
- Imagines by Philostratus (c. 170 AD – 247/250 AD)
- The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian (c. 2nd century AD)
- Daphnis and Chloe by Longus (2nd century AD)
- The Golden Ass by Apulieus (c. 2nd century AD)
- Lives of the Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laertius (c. 3rd century AD)
- Toward an Understanding of Diogenes Laertius and his Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
- What Is The Value of Biography?
- On the Prologue to Diogenes Laertius’s Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Thales
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Solon
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaximander
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaximenes
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Anaxagoras
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Socrates
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Xenophon
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Plato
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Aristotle
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Diogenes of Sinope
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Zeno of Citiam
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Pythagoras
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Empedocles
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Heraclitus
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Parmenides
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Democritus
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Pyrrho
- On Diogenes Laertius’s Biography of Epicurus