My essays are listed by approximate publication date or author’s general period of activity
- The New Testament (c. 1st – 3rd centuries AD)
- Gospel of Matthew
- Gospel of Mark
- Gospel of Luke
- Gospel of John
- Acts of the Apostles
- Epistle to the Romans
- 1st Epistle to the Corinthians
- 2nd Epistle to the Corinthians
- Epistle to the Galatians
- Epistle to the Ephesians
- Epistle to the Philippians
- Epistle to the Colossians
- 1st Epistle to the Thessolonians
- 2nd Epistle to the Thessolonians
- 1st Epistle to Timothy
- 2nd Epistle Timothy
- Epistle to Titus
- Epistle to Philemon
- Epistle to the Hebrews
- Epistle of James
- 1st Epistle of Peter
- 2nd Epistle of Peter
- 1st Epistle of John
- 2nd Epistle of John
- 3rd Epistle of John
- Epistle of Jude
- Revelation
- Selections from the Apocrypha, Gnostics, and texts from the Nag Hammadi Library
- The Shepherd of Hermas
- The Epistle of Barnabas
- The Gospel of Philip
- The Gospel of Thomas
- The Apocalypse of Peter
- 1 Clement
- Didache
- Clement of Rome (Apostolic Father, c. 1st century AD)
- Ignatius of Antioch (Apostolic Father, c. 2nd century AD)
- Polycarp of Smyrna (Apostolic Father, c. AD 69 – 155)
- Papias of Hierapolis (Apostolic Father, c. AD 60 – 130)
- Josephus (c. AD 37 – 100)
- Justin Martyr (c. AD 100 – 165)
- Clement of Alexandria (Church Father, c. AD 150 – 215)
- Irenaeus of Lyon (Church Father, c. AD 130 – 202)
- Tertullian (Church Father, c. AD 155 – 220)
- Origen of Alexandria (Church Father, c. AD 184 – 253)
- Athanasius of Alexandria (Church Father, c. AD 296/298 – 373)
- Eusebius (Church Father, c. AD 260/265 – 339/340)
- Enneads by Plotinus (c. AD 3rd century)
- St. Ambrose (Church Doctor, c. AD 340 – 397)
- Saint Augustine (Church Doctor, AD 354 – 430)
- Who is Saint Augustine of Hippo?
- Confessions
- City of God
- On the Free Choice of the Will
- St. Jerome (Church Doctor, c. AD 342/347 – 420)
- The Nicene Creed (AD 325 – 381)
- Porphyry (c. 234 – 305 AD)
- Selections from Ordo urbium nobilium by Ausonius (c. AD 310 – 395)
- St. Patrick’s Confessio (c. 5th century)
- Proclus (c. 5th century AD)
- Iamblichus (c. 245 – 325 AD)
- The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius (c. AD 523)
- The Code of Justinian (c. AD 534)
- The Hymn by Bede (7th century)
- Beowulf (c. 700–1000)
- The Qu’ran (c. 610 – 632)
- The Thousand and One Nights (c. 9th century)
- The Rubaiyat (c. 10th century)
- Avicenna (c. 980 – 1037)
- Proslogion by Saint Anselm (c. 1077–1078)
- Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
- Tale of Genji (c. 11th century)
- The Incoherence of the Philosophers (c. 11th century)
- Averroes (c. 1126 – 1198)
- The Guide for the Perplexed by Maimonides (c. 1190)
- Niebelungenlied (c. 1200)
- The Kaddish (c. 900- 13th century)
- Chrétien de Troyes (c. 12th century)
- Magna Carta
- St. Bonaventure (1221-1274)
- Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
- The Divine Comedy (The Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso)
- La Vita Nuova
- The Golden Legend (c. 13th century)
- The Poetic Edda (c. 13th century)
- The Summa Theologica by Thomas Aquinas (c. 13th century)
- Le Roman de la Rosa (c. 13th century)
- Duns Scotus (c. 1265/66 – 1308)
- Decameron by Giovanni Bocaccio (1313-1375)
- Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340s-1400)
- The Canterbury Tales
- Chaucer’s Silence: On the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
- “Make Of Two Sorrows One Perfect Joy” A Reading of The Knight’s Tale
- The Idea of Requital in The Miller’s Tale
- A Defense of Justice in The Reeve’s Tale
- Notes on the Unfinished Cook’s Tale
- A Story of “Joy after Woe” in The Man of Law’s Tale
- The Wife of Bath’s Tale: Autobiography and Arthurian Parody
- Intentionality in The Friar’s Tale
- Aristotelian Mimesis: The Conflict Between the Friar and the Summoner
- The Scholar’s Desire for Power: A Reading of The Clerk’s Tale
- A Qualified Defense of Marriage in The Merchant’s Tale
- On The (Interrupted) Squire’s Tale
- Pity and Promises in the Franklin’s Tale
- History Contra Poetics in The Physician’s Tale
- Disingenuous Authorial Intent in The Pardoner’s Tale
- The Principle of Exchange in The Shipman’s Tale
- A Hollow Story of Martyrdom In The Prioress’s Tale
- On Chaucerian Irony in the Tale of Sir Thopas
- Deprivation and Excess in The Tale of Sir Thopas and The Tale of Melibee
- Seventeen Tragic Biographies in The Monk’s Tale
- “The latter ende of joye is wo” On The Dangerous Significance of Poetry in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale
- Authorship in the Second Nun’s Tale
- Trickery and Alchemy in the Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale
- On The Wisdom of Silence in The Manciple’s Tale
- An Appeal to Common Wisdom in the Final Tale: The Parson’s Tale
- Revelations of Divine Love by Julian of Norwich (c. 14th – 15th centuries)
- The Pearl Poet (14th century)
- William Langland (1332-1386)
- John Gower (1330-1408)
- St. Catherine of Siena (1347-1380)
- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (c. 14th century)
- Christine de Pizan (1364-1430)
- Le Morte D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Mallory (c. 15th century)
- The Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis (1418–1427)
- The Trial of Joan of Arc (c. 1431)
- Amadis de Gaula, by García Montalvo (1450-1505)
- In Praise of Folly by Erasmus (1466-1536)
- Leonardo de Vinci’s Notebooks (1442-1519)
- Journal of Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
- Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533)
- A Short Account of the Destruction of Indies by Bartolome de las Casas (1484-1566)
- Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)
- History of King Richard III
- Utopia
- A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
- Machiavelli (1469-1527)
- The Prince
- The Discourses on Livy
- Florentine Histories
- On The Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres by Copernicus (1473-1543)
- The 95 Theses by Martin Luther (1483-1546)
- Gargantua & Pantagruel Pentology by Francois Rabelais (1483/1494-1553)
- The Nuremberg Chronicle (c. 15th century)
- The Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574)
- The Book of Martyrs by John Foxe (1516/1517–1587)
- The Lusiads (1524/1525 – 1580)
- Missa Papae Marcelli by Giovanni Palestrina (1525–1594)
- Essays by Montaigne (1533-1592)
- Poems by Anne Locke (1533–1590)
- Introduction to the Analytical Art by Francois Viete (1540–1603)
- Poems of St. John of the Cross (1542-1591)
- De Magnete by William Gilbert (c. 1544–1603)
- Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
- Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
- The New Atlantis by Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
- Lope de Vega (1562–1635)
- William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
- Shakespeare’s Comedies
- All’s Well That Ends Well
- As You Like It
- The Comedy of Errors
- Love’s Labour’s Lost
- Measure for Measure
- The Merchant of Venice
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- A Midsummer Night’s Dream
- Much Ado About Nothing
- The Taming of the Shrew
- The Tempest
- The Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Winter’s Tale
- Shakespeare’s Tragedies
- Antony and Cleopatra
- Coriolanus
- Cymbeline
- Hamlet
- Julius Caesar
- King Lear
- Macbeth
- Introduction to Macbeth
- A Classical Hero in the Modern World: A Reading of Macbeth
- “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow” Considered
- Examining the Thanes in Shakespeare’s Macbeth
- Comparing Clytemnestra and Lady Macbeth
- On Children and Natural Limits in Shakespeare’s Macbeth
- On “Macbeth: Driven into Darkness” by Timothy Burns
- On “A Soldier and Afeard: Macbeth and the Gospelling of Scotland” by Paul A. Cantor
- Othello
- Romeo and Juliet
- Timon of Athens
- Titus Andronicus
- Troilus and Cressida
- Shakespeare’s Histories
- Henry IV Part I
- Henry IV Part II
- Henry V
- Henry VI Part I
- Henry VI Part II
- Henry VI Part III
- Henry VIII
- King John
- Richard II
- Richard III
- Other Shakespeare (Not Included in the First Folio)
- Pericles
- The Two Noble Kinsmen
- The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser (1552/1553–1599)
- Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)
- Tamburlaine
- Ben Jonson (1572-1637)
- Philip Sidney
- Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
- Starry Messenger
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
- L’Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643)
- Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
- New Astronomy
- Harmony of the Worlds
- De Motu Cordis by William Harvey (1578–1657)
- Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
- Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
- Musicae Compendium
- Le Monde
- Geometry
- Discourse on the Method
- Meditations on First Philosophy
- Principles of Philosophy
- “A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love” by Lady Mary Wroth (1587 – 1651/1653)
- The Book of Common Prayer (c. 16th century)
- Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained by John Milton (1608–1674)
- Poems by Anne Bradstreet (1612–1672)
- Maxims by Francois de la Rochefocauld (1613–1680)
- Essays by Edme Marriott (1620–1684)
- Fables by Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695)
- Poems by Andrew Marvell (1621–1678)
- Moliere (1623-1677)
- Tartuffe
- Misanthrope
- Pensees by Pascal (1623–1662)
- Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan (1628–1688)
- Treatise on Light by Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695)
- John Dryden (1631-1700)
- John Locke (1632–1704)
- A Letter Concerning Toleration
- Two Treatises of Government
- An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
- Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715)
- Andromache by Racine (1639-1699)
- Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
- Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
- The Narrow Road to the Deep North by Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694)
- Daniel Defoe (1660–1731)
- Robinson Crusoe
- Moll Flanders
- Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)
- Who Is Jonathan Swift?
- “A Tale Of A Tub” and “The Battle of the Books” (1704)
- An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1708)
- Gulliver’s Travels (1726)
- A Modest Proposal (1729)
- The Motion of the Stretched String by Brook Taylor (1685-1731)
- Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750)
- St. Matthew Passion
- Inventions
- Principles of Human Knowledge by Berkeley (1685–1753)
- “The Fahrenheit Scale” by Daniel Fahrenheit (1686-1736)
- Alexander Pope (1688–1744)
- Rape of the Lock
- Essay on Man
- Lord Chesterfield’s Letters (1694-1773)
- Voltaire (1694 – 30 May 1778)
- Who Is Voltaire?
- Candide
- Treatise on Tolerance
- “On the Vibrating String” By Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782)
- Observations on Electrical Phenomena Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700-1770)
- Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758)
- The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
- Euler’s writings on Mr. Bernoulli (1707-1783)
- Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
- David Hume (1711-1776)
- A Treatise of Human Nature
- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
- Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
- Heloise
- The Social Contract
- Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
- Discourse on Inequality
- Emile, or On Education
- Reveries of a Solitary Walker
- Confessions
- Rameau’s Nephew by Denis Diderot (1713–1784)
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
- Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime
- On The Different Races of Man
- Critique of Pure Reason
- Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
- An Answer to the Question “What Is Enlightenment?”
- Idea For A Universal History With A Cosmopolitan Purpose
- Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
- The Memoirs of Giacomo Casanova (1725–1798)
- The New Science by Vico (c. 1725)
- Extracts from the Lectures on Chemical Elements by Joseph Black (1728–1799)
- Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
- A Vindication of Natural Society
- Reflections on the Revolution in France
- Quartets by Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
- Common Sense and The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
- The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)
- Elements of Chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)
- “Zoological Philosophy” by Jean-Baptiste Lamarcke (1744-1829)
- Essay on Electricity by Alessandra Volta (1745–1827)
- Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797)
- Excerpt from the Essay on Static Chemicals by Claude Berthollet (1748–1822)
- Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
- Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (c. 1749)
- A Note on Fortune and Fate in Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book I
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book II
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book III
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book IV
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book V
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book VI
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book VII
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones Book VIII
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones Book IX
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones Book X
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XI
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XII
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XIII
- Refections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XIV
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XV
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XVI
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XVII
- Reflections on Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones, Book XVIII
- Faust by Goethe (1749-1832)
- Poems by Phyllis Wheatley (1753-1784)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791)
- Symphonies
- Operas
- Don Giovanni
- William Blake (1757-1827)
- Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
- Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)
- Robert Burns (1759-1796)
- Extracts From a New System Chemical Philosophy by John Dalton (1766–1844)
- Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)
- William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)
- “On the Nature of Light and Electricity” by Thomas Young (1773-1829)
- Essays by Andre-Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
- Letters From A Pennsylvania Farmer by John Dickinson (1767-1768)
- Life of Black Hawk, or Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak (1767-1838)
- Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith (c. 1776)
- The United States Declaration of Independence (1776)
- The Articles of Confederation (c. 1777)
- Constitution of the United States of America (1788)
- Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen (The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen) (1789)
- “Essay on a Manner Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies” by Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856)
- “On the Expansion of Gases by Heat” & “Memoir on the Combination of Gaseous Substances with Each Other” by Joseph-Louis Gay Lussac (1778–1850)
- The World As Will and Representation by Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
- “Experimental Researches in Electricity” by Michael Faraday (1791–1867)
- Life of Samuel Johnson by Boswell (c. 1791)
- Theory of Parallels by Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856)
- Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)
- Thomas Carlyle on the French Revolution (1795-1881)
- Songs by Franz Schubert (1797–1828)
- Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
- Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
- The Fall of the House of Usher
- The Murders in the Rue Morgue
- The Pit and the Pendulum
- The Tell-Tale Heart
- The Bells
- The Raven
- The Book of Mormon (c. 19th century)
- George Bancroft’s History of the United States (1800-1891)
- The Journals of Lewis and Clark (1803-1806)
- Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
- John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)
- Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892)
- Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
- The Voyage of the Beagle
- On The Origin of Species
- The Descent of Man
- Writings of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
- Grimm’s Fairy Tales (c. 1812)
- Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
- Karl Marx (1813-1883)
- On The Jewish Question
- Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
- The German Ideology
- The Communist Manifesto
- Capital
- Journals and Letters of David Livingstone (1813-1873)
- Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
- On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates
- Either/Or
- Fear and Trembling
- Philosophical Fragments
- The Concept of Anxiety
- The Sickness Unto Death
- Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
- The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897)
- Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
- First Principles of a New System of Philosophy by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
- Cellular Pathology Lectures by Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902)
- Les Fleurs de Mal by Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)
- “Experiments with Plant Hybridization” by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
- The Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885)
- Mary Chestnuts Diaries of the Civil War (1823-1886)
- “Letter to Professor S. de Luca” by Stanislau Canizzaro (1826–1910)
- Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)
- James Clerk Maxwell on Farady (1831-1879)
- Essay on the Theory of Numbers by Richard Dedekind (1831-1916)
- “Art” by Eduoard Manet (1832-1883)
- “The Periodic Law of Chemical Elements” by Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907)
- Autobiography of Mark Twain Volumes I-II (1835-1910)
- The Gospel of Wealth (Essay) by Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919)
- Henry Adams (1838-1918)
- History of the United States During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson
- The Education of Henry Adams
- Writings of John Muir (1838-1914)
- The Varieties of Religious Experience, Pragmatism by William James (1842-1910)
- Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
- The Birth of Tragedy
- On Truth and Lies In A Nonmoral Sense
- Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks
- Untimely Meditations
- Human, All Too Human
- The Dawn
- The Gay Science
- Thus Spake Zarathustra
- Beyond Good and Evil
- On The Genealogy of Morals
- Twilight of the Idols
- The Antichrist
- Ecce Homo
- Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (c. 1845)
- Scientific Autobiography by Max Planck (1848-1947)
- The Letters of Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)
- Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891)
- Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)
- Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
- “Cathode Rays” by J.J. Thompson (1856-1940)
- Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
- Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929)
- Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
- Suicide
- The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
- An Introduction to Metaphysics by Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
- “The Crisis of the European Sciences” by Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
- Experience and Education by John Dewey (1859-1952)
- Science and the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematics by Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
- Essays by Theodor Boveri (1862-1915)
- George Santayana (1863-1952)
- The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber (1864-1920)
- “Space and Time by Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909)
- “Evolution and Genetics” by Thomas Morgan (1866-1945)
- “The Science and Philosophy of the Organism” by Hans Driesch (1867–1941)
- The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963)
- “The Electron” by Robert Andrews Millikan (1868-1953)
- Mohandes Gandhi (1869-1948)
- Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)
- “The Structure of the Atom” by Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)
- Poems by Paul Valery (1871-1945)
- Bertrand Russell (1872-1970)
- An Introduction Mathematical Philosophy
- The Problems of Philosophy
- Amy Lowell Poetry (1874-1925)
- G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936)
- The Man Who Was Thursday
- Orthodoxy
- The Everlasting Man
- Robert Frost (1874-1963)
- Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
- The World Crisis
- The Second World War
- The History of English Speaking Peoples
- Carl Jung (1875-1961)
- Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965)
- Essays by Walter Sutton (1877-1916)
- G.H. Hardy on Gregor Mendel (1877–1947)
- Abraham Lincoln The War Years by Carl Sandburg (1878-1969)
- Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
- Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
- The General Theory of Relativity
- The Special Theory of Relativity
- The World as I See It
- Ideas and Opinions
- The Evolution of Physics
- Why Socialism?
- Essays in Humanism
- The Story of My Life by Helen Keller (1880-1968)
- The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler (1880-1936)
- Symphonies of Psalms by Igor Stravisnky (1882–1971)
- William Carlos Williams (1883-1963)
- The Revolt of the Masses by Jose Ortega y Gassett (1883-1955)
- The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
- Ezra Pound’s Cantos (1885-1972)
- Atomic Theory by Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
- The Word of God and the Word of Man by Karl Barth (1886-1968)
- What Is Life? & “Four Lectures of Wave Mechanics” by Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961)
- Essays by Marcel Duchamps (1887-1968)
- Marianne Moore (1887-1972)
- Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953)
- T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)
- Carl Schmitt (1888-1985)
- Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
- Being and Time
- Introduction to Metaphysics
- The Question Concerning Technology
- The Philosophical Investigations by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
- The Idea of History by R.G. Collingwood (1889-1943)
- The Crusade in Europe by Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969)
- Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
- Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950)
- Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971)
- “Matter Waves” by Louisde Broglie (1892-1987)
- The Little Red Book by Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
- Native American Chants and Songs (compiled by the Norton Anthology)
- The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life by Francis Parkman, Jr. (1849)
- Life Among the Piutes by Sarah Winnemucca (1883)
- e. e. cummings (1894-1962)
- Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener (1894-1964)
- Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993)
- The Greek Myths by Robert Graves (1895-1985)
- Max Horkheimer (1895-1973)
- C.S. Lewis (1898-1963)
- The Screwtape Letters
- The Problem of Pain
- Mere Christianity
- The Case for Christianity
- The Abolition of Man
- The Space Trilogy
- The Great Divorce
- Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
- The Road To Serfdom by Friedrich Hayek (1899-1992)
- Essays by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod (c. 20th century)
- Essays by George Beadle and Edward Tatum (c. 20th century)
- Essays by James Watson and Francis Crick (c. 20th century)
- Leo Strauss (1899-1973)
- Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
- Physics and Philosophy by Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976)
- Langston Hughes (1901-1967)
- Alexandre Kojève (1902-1968)
- Karl Popper (1902-1994)
- The Poverty of Historicism
- The Open Society and Its Enemies
- Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969)
- American Diplomacy by George F. Kennan (1904-2005)
- Beyond Freedom and Dignity by B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
- The Hero With A Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell (1904-1987)
- Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
- Nausea
- No Exit
- Being and Nothingness
- Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
- The Fountainhead
- Atlas Shrugged
- Anthem
- The Virtue of Selfishness
- Lionel Trilling (1905-1975)
- The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945)
- Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)
- The Origins of Totalitarianism
- The Human Condition
- Eichmann in Jerusalem
- On Revolution
- W.H. Auden (1907-1973)
- Theodore Roethke (1908-1963)
- The Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)
- Tristes Tropiques by Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2008)
- The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006)
- The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)
- Structural Anthropology by Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009)
- Simone Weil (1909-1943)
- The Need for Roots
- The Notebooks of Simone Weil
- Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997)
- Against The Current: Essays in the History of Ideas
- Ideas Have Consequences by Richard Weaver (1910-1963)
- Boy Scouts of America Handbook (1910)
- Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979)
- Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman (1912-2006)
- Aimé Césaire (1913-2008)
- Albert Camus (1913-1960)
- The Stranger
- The Plague
- Roland Barthes (1915-1980)
- Shelby Foote’s Narrative of the Civil War (1916-2005)
- Robert Lowell (1917-1977)
- Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-2000)
- Eric Hobsbawm (1917-2012)
- Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
- Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher
- Doris Lessing (1919-2013)
- Russel Kirk (1918-1994)
- The Conservative Mind
- The Roots of American Order
- Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin (1920-1980)
- A Theory of Justice by John Rawls (1921-2002)
- Thomas Kuhn (1922-1992)
- Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
- René Girard (1923-2015)
- The Great War and Modern Memory by Paul Fussell (1924-2012)
- Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995)
- Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus
- William F. Buckley (1925-2008)
- God and Man at Yale
- Up From Liberalism
- Flannery O’Connor (1925-1964)
- Frantz Fanon (1925-1961)
- Ways of Seeing by John Berger (1926-2017)
- Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
- The Archaeology of Knowledge
- Madness and Civilization
- Discipline and Punish
- The History of Sexuality
- “The Clash of Civilizations” by Samuel P. Huntington (1927-2008)
- Noam Chomsky (1928-Present)
- Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King jr. (1929-1968)
- Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank (1929-1929)
- Jürgen Habermas (1929-Present)
- Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007)
- Alasdair MacIntyre (1929-Present)
- E. O. Wilson (1929-Present)
- The Anxiety of Influence by Harold Bloom (1930-2019)
- Allan Bloom (1930-1992)
- Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
- Speech and Phenomena
- Of Grammatology
- Writing and Difference
- Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste by Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002)
- Charles Taylor (1931-Present)
- Richard Rorty (1931-2007)
- Alvin Plantinga (1932-Present)
- Susan Sontag (1933-2004)
- On Photography
- Against Interpretation
- Illness As Metaphor
- Regarding the Pain of Others
- Styles of Radical Will
- In America
- Mary Oliver (1935-2019)
- Imagining Numbers by Barry Mazur (1937-Present)
- Alain Badiou (1937-Present)
- Thomas Nagel (1937-Present)
- Robert Nozick (1938-2002)
- Richard Dawkins (1941-Present)
- A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking (1942-2018)
- Daniel Dennett (1942-Present)
- John McDowell (1942-Present)
- Essays by Joel Sussman (1943-Present)
- Louise Glück’s A Village Life (1943-Present)
- Stephen Greenblatt (1943-Present)
- Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare (2004)
- The Swerve: How The World Became Modern (2011)
- Roger Scruton (1944-2020)
- The United Nations Charter (c. 1945)
- Peter Singer (1946-Present)
- Martha Nussbaum (1947-Present)
- Pierre Manent (1949-Present)
- Metamorphoses of the City
- An Intellectual History of Liberalism
- Slavoj Zizek (1949-Present)
- The Sublime Object of Ideology