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The New Testament
Thoughts on the “Newness” of the New Testament
Where Did The New Testament Come From?
Notes on the Twelve Apostles of Jesus
The Story of the King James Bible
Political Theology in the Bible: An Exegesis
Matthew
Matthew Chapter 5-7: The Sermon on the Mount
Comparing the Death of Jesus in the Four Gospels
Mark
Comparing the Death of Jesus in the Four Gospels
Luke
Comparing the Death of Jesus in the Four Gospels
Notes on Luke-Acts
John
Comparing the Death of Jesus in the Four Gospels
On the Logos in the Gospel of John
Acts
Notes on Luke-Acts
Romans
The Law in Paul’s Epistle to the Romans
1 Corinthians
Discord in the Early Church: Paul’s Letters to the Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Discord in the Early Church: Paul’s Letters to the Corinthians
Galatians
Rejection of Mosaic Law in Galatians
Ephesians
Notes on Paul’s Letter to Ephesus
Philippians
Notes on Paul’s Letter to Philippi
Colossians
Notes on Paul’s Letter to Collossae
1 Thessolonians
Notes on Paul’s Two Letters to Thessolonica
2 Thessolonians
Notes on Paul’s Two Letters to Thessolonica
1 Timothy
On the Corpus Pastorale
2 Timothy
On the Corpus Pastorale
Titus
On the Corpus Pastorale
Philemon
A Brief Note on Philemon
Hebrews
“Jesus As Superior To Moses” – Thoughts on Hebrews
James
Thoughts on the Epistle of James
1 Peter
Peter’s Message in His First Epistle
2 Peter
The Question of Scriptural Authority in Peter’s Second Epistle
1 John
Eyewitness Testimony in the Johannine Epistles
2 John
Eyewitness Testimony in the Johannine Epistles
3 John
Eyewitness Testimony in the Johannine Epistles
Jude
Notes on the Unusual Epistle of Jude
Revelation
A Vision of Horror and Apocalypse in John’s Revelation
Selections from the Apocrypha, Gnostics, and texts from the Nag Hammadi Library
The Story of the Nag Hammadi Library
The Story of the Dead Sea Scrolls
The Shepherd of Hermas
Thoughts on the Shepherd of Hermas
The Epistle of Barnabas
Notes on the Epistle of Barnabas
The Gospel of Philip
Mary Magdalene in the Gospel of Philip
The Gospel of Thomas
Thoughts on the Gospel of Thomas
The Apocalypse of Peter
Two Texts Called The Apocalypse of Peter
1 Clement
On Clement’s Letter to the Corinthians
Didache
Thoughts on the Didache
Apostolic Father: Clement of Rome
On Clement’s Letter to the Corinthians
Apostolic Father: Ignatius of Antioch
On Ignatius’s Seven Epistles
Apostolic Father: Polycarp of Smyrna
On Polycarp’s Epistle to the Philippians
Apostolic Father: Papias of Hierapolis
Notes on the Fragments of Papias
Josephus
Jesus and John the Baptist Briefly Mentioned in Josephus
Church Father: Justin Martyr
An Attempted Union of Hellenism and Christianity in Justin Martyr’s First Apology
Christianity Contra Judaism in Justin Martyr’s Dialogue with Trypho
Church Father: Clement of Alexandria
Clement’s Attack on Hellenism
Church Father: Irenaeus of Lyon
Irenaeus’s Attack on Heresy
Church Father: Origen of Alexandria
On Origen’s First Principles
Church Father: Athanasius of Alexandria
On Athanasius’s “On The Incarnation of the Word”
Thoughts on Asceticism in Athanasius’s Life of Antony
Church Father: Eusebius
On Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History and the Origins of the Gospels
Church Father: Tertullian
Who Is Tertullian?
Church Doctor: St. Ambrose
Brief Notes on the Life of Saint Ambrose, Bishop of Milan
St. Patrick’s Confessio
Thoughts on St. Patrick’s “Confessio”
Church Doctor: Saint Augustine
Who is Saint Augustine of Hippo?
Confessions
Wrestling with Divine Epistemology in Saint Augustine’s Confessions, Book I
Reflections on St. Augustine’s Moment of Conversion
Saint Augustine on Time
City of God
History, Providence, and Progress in Saint Augustine’s City of God
On the Free Choice of the Will
Considering Theodicy in St. Augustine “On the Free Choice of the Will”
Church Doctor: St. Jerome
The Story of Jerome’s Vulgate
The Nicene Creed
On The Nicene Creed
Lives of the Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laertius
Introduction to Arithmetic by Nicomachus
Meditations by Marcus Aurelius
On the Sublime by Longinus
Satires by Lucian
Proclus
Porphyry
Iamblichus
The Code of Justinian
The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius
Proslogion by Saint Anselm
The Qu’ran
The Thousand and One Nights
The Rubaiyat
Avicenna
Averroes
Beowulf
The Hymn by Bede
Le Roman de la Rosa
Niebelungenlied
The Summa Theologica by Thomas Aquinas
The Guide for the Perplexed by Maimonides
Duns Scotus
Revelations of Divine Love by Julian of Norwich
The Trial of Joan of Arc
The Almagest by Ptolemy
Tycho Brahe
Enneads by Plotinus
The Kaddish
Dante Alighieri
The Divine Comedy (The Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso)
La Vita Nuova
Decameron by Giovanni Bocaccio
The Golden Legend
Chrétien de Troyes
Amadis de Gaula, by García Montalvo
In Praise of Folly by Erasmus
Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales
Who Is Geoffrey Chaucer?
Chaucer’s Silence: On the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales
“Make Of Two Sorrows One Perfect Joy” A Reading of The Knight’s Tale
The Idea of Requital in The Miller’s Tale
A Defense of Justice in The Reeve’s Tale
Notes on the Unfinished Cook’s Tale
A Story of “Joy after Woe” in The Man of Law’s Tale
The Wife of Bath’s Tale: Autobiography and Arthurian Parody
Intentionality in The Friar’s Tale
Aristotelian Mimesis: The Conflict Between the Friar and the Summoner
The Scholar’s Desire for Power: A Reading of The Clerk’s Tale
A Qualified Defense of Marriage in The Merchant’s Tale
On The (Interrupted) Squire’s Tale
Pity and Promises in the Franklin’s Tale
History Contra Poetics in The Physician’s Tale
Disingenuous Authorial Intent in The Pardoner’s Tale
The Principle of Exchange in The Shipman’s Tale
A Hollow Story of Martyrdom In The Prioress’s Tale
On Chaucerian Irony in the Tale of Sir Thopas
Deprivation and Excess in The Tale of Sir Thopas and The Tale of Melibee
Seventeen Tragic Biographies in The Monk’s Tale
“The latter ende of joye is wo” On The Dangerous Significance of Poetry in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale
Authorship in the Second Nun’s Tale
Trickery and Alchemy in the Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale
On The Wisdom of Silence in The Manciple’s Tale
An Appeal to Common Wisdom in the Final Tale: The Parson’s Tale
William Langland
The Pearl Poet
John Gower
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Christine de Pizan
St. Bonaventure
Magna Carta
King John and Magna Carta (1199-1216)
Le Morte D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Mallory
St. Catherine of Siena
The Incoherence of the Philosophers
The Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis
Sir Thomas More
History of King Richard III
Utopia
A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation
Machiavelli
The Prince
The Discourses on Livy
The 95 Theses by Martin Luther
Gargantua & Pantagruel Pentology by Francois Rabelais
The Absurd World of Pantagruel
Essays by Montaigne
Fables by Jean de la Fontaine
The Lusiads
Leonardo de Vinci’s Notebooks
Poems of St. John of the Cross
On The Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres by Copernicus
The New Atlantis by Francis Bacon
The Nuremberg Chronicle
Journal of Christopher Columbus
A Short Account of the Destruction of Indies by Bartolome de las Casas
Journals of Other Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and English Explorers
The Book of Martyrs by John Foxe
Orlando Furioso by Ludovico Ariosto
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes
When Poetry Conquers Philosophy: Reflections on Don Quixote
Lope de Vega
William Shakespeare
Who Is William Shakespeare?
On Stephen Greenblatt’s “Will in the World”
Shakespeare’s Comedies
All’s Well That Ends Well
As You Like It
As You Like It, Act I
As You Like It, Act II
“All The World’s A Stage” Considered
The Comedy of Errors
Love’s Labour’s Lost
Measure for Measure
The Merchant of Venice
The Merry Wives of Windsor
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Much Ado About Nothing
The Taming of the Shrew
The Tempest
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
The Winter’s Tale
Shakespeare’s Tragedies
Antony and Cleopatra
Coriolanus
Cymbeline
Hamlet
Introduction to Hamlet
“Crawling Between Earth and Heaven:” A Reading of Hamlet
Julius Caesar
King Lear
Macbeth
Introduction to Macbeth
A Classical Hero in the Modern World: A Reading of Macbeth
“Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow” Considered
Examining the Thanes in Shakespeare’s Macbeth
Othello
Romeo and Juliet
Timon of Athens
Titus Andronicus
Troilus and Cressida
Shakespeare’s Histories
Henry IV Part I
Henry IV Part II
Henry V
Henry VI Part I
Henry VI Part II
Henry VI Part III
Henry VIII
King John
Richard II
Richard III
Other Shakespeare (Not Included in the First Folio)
Pericles
The Two Noble Kinsmen
Christopher Marlowe
Tamburlaine
Ben Jonson
Philip Sidney
The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser
The Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vasari
Nicolas Malebranche
Johannes Kepler
New Astronomy
Harmony of the Worlds
Rene Descartes
Musicae Compendium
Le Monde
Geometry
Discourse on the Method
Meditations on First Philosophy
Principles of Philosophy
Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes
Galileo Galilei
Starry Messenger
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
De Motu Cordis by William Harvey
“The Periodic Law of Chemical Elements” by Dmitri Mendeleev
Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained by John Milton
The Book of Common Prayer
Moliere
Tartuffe
Misanthrope
Andromache by Racine
Maxims by Francois de la Rochefocauld
Isaac Newton
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan
Thoughts on Pilgrim’s Progress
Pensees by Pascal
John Dryden
Poems by Anne Bradstreet
Poems by Anne Locke
Poems by Andrew Marvell
“A Crown of Sonnets Dedicated to Love” by Lady Mary Wroth
Johann Sebastian Bach
St. Matthew Passion
Inventions
Missa Papae Marcelli by Giovanni Palestrina
Quartets by Joseph Haydn
L’Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi
John Locke
A Letter Concerning Toleration
Two Treatises of Government
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe’s Diary of Survivalism
Moll Flanders
Principles of Human Knowledge by Berkeley
Alexander Pope
Rape of the Lock
Essay on Man
Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift and the Idea of Satire
Voltaire
Who Is Voltaire?
Candide
Treatise on Tolerance
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Symphonies
Operas
Don Giovanni
Songs by Franz Schubert
Symphonies of Psalms by Igor Stravisnky
Symphonies by Ludwig van Beethoven
David Hume
A Treatise of Human Nature
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Treatise on Light by Christiaan Huygens
Essay on the Theory of Numbers by Richard Dedekind
“The Fahrenheit Scale” by Daniel Fahrenheit
Introduction to the Analytical Art by Francois Viete
“On the Vibrating String” By Daniel Bernoulli
“Experimental Researches in Electricity” by Michael Faraday
James Clerk Maxwell on Farady
“On the Nature of Light and Electricity” by Thomas Young
Observations on Electrical Phenomena Jean-Antoine Nollet
The Motion of the Stretched String by Brook Taylor
Essays by Theodor Boveri
“Matter Waves” by Louisde Broglie
Essay on Electricity by Alessandra Volta
Essays by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod
Essays by George Beadle and Edward Tatum
G.H. Hardy on Gregor Mendel
The Narrow Road to the Deep North by Matsuo Bashō
Tom Jones by Henry Fielding
The Memoirs of Giacomo Casanova
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Heloise
The Social Contract
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
Discourse on Inequality
Emile, or On Education
Reveries of a Solitary Walker
Confessions
Rameau’s Nephew by Denis Diderot
Lord Chesterfield’s Letters
Life of Samuel Johnson by Boswell
Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
The New Science by Vico
Elements of Chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier
Excerpt from the Essay on Static Chemicals by Claude Berthollet
Extracts From a New System Chemical Philosophy by John Dalton
“The Science and Philosophy of the Organism” by Hans Driesch
Extracts from the Lectures on Chemical Elements by Joseph Black
“Letter to Professor S. de Luca” by Stanislau Canizzaro
“On the Expansion of Gases by Heat” & “Memoir on the Combination of Gaseous Substances with Each Other” by Joseph-Louis Gay Lussac
Essays by Edme Marriott
Cellular Pathology Lectures by Rudolf Virchow
Essays by Andre-Marie Ampere
Michael Faraday’s Experiments in Electricity
Euler’s writings on Mr. Bernoulli
De Magnete by William Gilbert
The Articles of Confederation
The United States Declaration of Independence
Letters From A Pennsylvania Farmer by John Dickinson
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Constitution of the United States of America
Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen (The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen)
Native American Chants and Songs (compiled by the Norton Anthology)
Life Among the Piutes by Sarah Winnemucca
The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life by Francis Parkman, Jr.
Immanuel Kant
Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime
On The Different Races of Man
Critique of Pure Reason
Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
An Answer to the Question “What Is Enlightenment?”
Idea For A Universal History With A Cosmopolitan Purpose
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
“Essay on a Manner Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies” by Amedeo Avogadro
Edmund Burke
A Vindication of Natural Society
Reflections on the Revolution in France
Samuel Johnson
Mary Wollstonecraft
Olaudah Equiano
William Blake
Emily Dickinson
William Wordsworth
Walt Whitman
Friedrich Schiller
Edgar Allan Poe
The Fall of the House of Usher
The Murders in the Rue Morgue
The Pit and the Pendulum
The Tell-Tale Heart
The Bells
The Raven
Faust by Goethe
Richard Wagner
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon
Soren Kierkegaard
On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates
Either/Or
Fear and Trembling
Philosophical Fragments
The Concept of Anxiety
The Sickness Unto Death
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
Henry Adams
History of the United States During the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson
The Education of Henry Adams
George Bancroft’s History of the United States
Jeremy Bentham
Auguste Comte
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Karl Marx
On The Jewish Question
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
The German Ideology
The Communist Manifesto
Capital
Charles Darwin
The Voyage of the Beagle
On The Origin of Species
The Descent of Man
The Journals of Lewis and Clark
The Varieties of Religious Experience, Pragmatism by William James
An Introduction to Metaphysics by Henri Bergson
Robert Burns
The Story Behind “Auld Lang Syne”
Alfred Lord Tennyson
Arthur Rimbaud
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Poems by Paul Valery
Writings of Abraham Lincoln
Shelby Foote’s Narrative of the Civil War
Mary Chestnuts Diaries of the Civil War
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Journals and Letters of David Livingstone
Autobiography of Mark Twain Volumes I-II
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt
Life of Black Hawk, or Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak
The Letters of Vincent Van Gogh
Theory of Parallels by Nikolai Lobachevsky
“Experiments with Plant Hybridization” by Gregor Mendel
Amy Lowell Poetry
Robert Lowell
John Stuart Mill
Eugene O’Neill
e. e. cummings
Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington
The Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant
Experience and Education by John Dewey
Thomas Carlyle on the French Revolution
Winston Churchill
The World Crisis
The Second World War
The History of English Speaking Peoples
The Crusade in Europe by Dwight Eisenhower
Science and the Modern World, Introduction to Mathematics by Alfred North Whitehead
The Great War and Modern Memory by Paul Fussell
Bertrand Russell
An Introduction Mathematical Philosophy
The Problems of Philosophy
Scientific Autobiography by Max Planck
The Gospel of Wealth (Essay) by Andrew Carnegie
Sigmund Freud
Jung
The Story of My Life by Helen Keller
Doris Lessing
Grimm’s Fairy Tales
The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
Albert Einstein
The General Theory of Relativity
The Special Theory of Relativity
The World as I See It
Ideas and Opinions
The Evolution of Physics
Why Socialism?
Essays in Humanism
“Zoological Philosophy” by Jean-Baptiste Lamarcke
The World As Will and Representation by Schopenhauer
Friedrich Nietzsche
The Birth of Tragedy
On Truth and Lies In A Nonmoral Sense
Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks
Untimely Meditations
Human, All Too Human
The Dawn
The Gay Science
Thus Spake Zarathustra
Beyond Good and Evil
On The Genealogy of Morals
Twilight of the Idols
The Antichrist
Ecce Homo
Martin Heidegger
Being and Time
Introduction to Metaphysics
The Question Concerning Technology
The Philosophical Investigations by Wittgenstein
“The Electron” by Robert Andrews Millikan
“Space and Time by Hermann Minkowski
The Cost of Discipleship by Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Essays by James Watson and Francis Crick
“Evolution and Genetics” by Thomas Morgan
The Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty
“The Crisis of the European Sciences” by Edmund Husserl
Tristes Tropiques by Claude Levi-Strauss
Emile Durkheim
Suicide
The Elementary Forms of Religious Life
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by John Maynard Keynes
The Affluent Society by John Kenneth Galbraith
Letter From Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King jr.
Jean-Paul Sartre
Nausea
No Exit
Being and Nothingness
The Revolt of the Masses by Jose Ortega y Gassett
George Santayana
Albert Camus
The Stranger
The Plague
Ayn Rand
The Fountainhead
Atlas Shrugged
Anthem
The Virtue of Selfishness
Hannah Arendt
The Origins of Totalitarianism
The Human Condition
Eichmann in Jerusalem
On Revolution
The Idea of History by R.G. Collingwood
The Greek Myths by Robert Graves
Les Fleurs de Mal by Charles Baudelaire
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
Jurgen Habermas
Simone Weil
The Need for Roots
The Notebooks of Simone Weil
Jacques Derrida
Speech and Phenomena
Of Grammatology
Writing and Difference
Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste by Pierre Bourdieu
The Decline of the West by Oswald Spengler
Ideas Have Consequences by Richard Weaver
“Art” by Eduoard Manet
Essays by Marcel Duchamps
C.S. Lewis
The Screwtape Letters
The Problem of Pain
Mere Christianity
The Case for Christianity
The Abolition of Man
The Space Trilogy
The Great Divorce
G.K. Chesterton
The Man Who Was Thursday
Orthodoxy
The Everlasting Man
T.S. Eliot
Ezra Pound’s Cantos
Wallace Stevens
William Carlos Williams
Robert Frost
Edna St. Vincent Millay
W.H. Auden
Theodore Roethke
Elizabeth Bishop
Marianne Moore
Atomic Theory by Niels Bohr
“The Structure of the Atom” by Ernest Rutherford
Essays by Joel Sussman
Essays by Walter Sutton
“Cathode Rays” by J.J. Thompson
Physics and Philosophy by Heisenberg
What Is Life? & “Four Lectures of Wave Mechanics” by Schrodinger
Russel Kirk
The Conservative Mind
The Roots of American Order
William F. Buckley
God and Man at Yale
Up From Liberalism
Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman
Susan Sontag
On Photography
Against Interpretation
Illness As Metaphor
Regarding the Pain of Others
Styles of Radical Will
In America
Writings of John Muir
Boy Scouts of America Handbook
The United Nations Charter
American Diplomacy by George F. Kennan
The Word of God and the Word of Man by Karl Barthes
Structural Anthropology by Claude Levi-Strauss
Karl Popper
The Poverty of Historicism
The Open Society and Its Enemies
Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin
A Theory of Justice by John Rawls
Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt
Isaiah Berlin
Against The Current: Essays in the History of Ideas
Mohandes Gandhi
Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank
Thorstein Veblen
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism by Max Weber
Leo Strauss
The Teaching of Aristotle’s Politics
Allan Bloom
The Road To Serfdom by Friedrich Hayek
Poems by Phyllis Wheatley
Michel Foucault
The Archaeology of Knowledge
Madness and Civilization
Discipline and Punish
The History of Sexuality
Jürgen Habermas
Max Horkheimer
Theodor W. Adorno
Herbert Marcuse
Lionel Trilling
A Brief History of Time Stephen Hawking
The Hero With A Thousand Faces by Joseph Campbell
Gilles Deleuze
Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus
Richard Feynman
Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher
Gwendolyn Brooks
Abraham Lincoln The War Years by Carl Sandburg
Langston Hughes
Flannery O’Connor
The Anxiety of Influence by Harold Bloom
Eric Hobsbawm
Ways of Seeing by John Berger
Imagining Numbers by Barry Mazur
Louise Glück’s A Village Life
“The End of History” by Francis Fukuyama
“The Clash of Civilizations” by Samuel P. Huntington
Stephen Greenblatt
Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare (2004)
On Stephen Greenblatt’s “Will in the World”
The Swerve: How The World Became Modern (2011)
Capital by Thomas Picketty
Mary Oliver
Pierre Manent
Metamorphoses of the City
An Intellectual History of Liberalism
Slavoj Zizek
The Sublime Object of Ideology
